Candidate may choose any optional subject from amongst the List of Optional Subjects given below:

Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Anthropology, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology.

MALAYALAM

PAPER-I

(Answers must be written in Malayalam)

Section A

1—Early phase of Malayalam Language :

1.1 Various theories : Origin from proto Dravidian, Tamil, Sanskrit.

1.2 Relation between Tamil and Malayalam : Six nayas of A. R. Rajarajavarma.

1.3 Pattu School—Definition, Ramacharitam, later pattu works—Niranam works and Krishnagatha.

2—Linguistic features of :

2.1 Manipravalam—definition.     Language     of    early  manipravala     works—Champu,     Sandesakavya, Chandrotsava, minor works. Later manipravala works—medieval Champu and Attakkatha.

2.2 Folklore—Southern and Northern ballads, Mappila songs.

2.3 Early Malayalam Prose—Bhashakautaliyam, Brahmandapuranam, Attaprakaram, Kramadipika and Nambiantamil.

3—Standardisation of Malayalam :

3.1 Peculiarities of the language of Pana, Kilippattu and Tullal.

3.2 Contributions of indigenous and European missionaries to Malayalam.

3.3 Characteristics of contemporary Malayalam; Malayalam as administrative language. Language of scientific and technical literature—media language.

Section B

LITERARY HISTORY

4—Ancient and Medieval Literature :

4.1 Pattu—Ramacharitam, Niranam Works and Krishnagatha.

4.2 Manipravalam—early and medieval manipravala works including attakkatha and champu.

4.3 Folk Literature.

4.4 Kilippattu, Tullal and Mahakavya.

5—Modern Literature—Poetry :

5.1 Venmani poets and contemporaries.

5.2 The advent of Romanticism—Poetry of Kavitraya i.e., Asan, Ulloor and Vallathol.

5.3 Poetry after Kavitraya.

5.4 Modernism in Malayalam Poetry.

6—Modern Literature—Prose :

6.1 Drama.

6.2 Novel.

6.3 Short story.

6.4 Biography, travelogue, essay and criticism.